| Xuzhou 徐州 |
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|---|---|
| — Prefecture-level city — | |
| 徐州市 | |
| The skyline of Xuzhou and Yunlong Lake (云龙湖) | |
| Location of Xuzhou City in Jiangsu | |
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Xuzhou
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| Coordinates: | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Jiangsu |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Zhang Jinghua (张敬华) |
| • CPC Committee Secretary | Cao Xinping (曹新平） |
| Area | |
| • Prefecture-level city | 11,258 km2 (4,346.7 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 3,036 km2 (1,172.2 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 2,346 km2 (905.8 sq mi) |
| Population (2010 census) | |
| • Prefecture-level city | 8,580,500 |
| • Density | 762.2/km2 (1,974/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 2,828,834 |
| • Urban density | 931.8/km2 (2,413.3/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 2,369,851 |
| • Metro density | 1,010.2/km2 (2,616.3/sq mi) |
| Time zone | China Standard (UTC+8) |
| Postal code | 221000(Urban center), 221000, 221000, 221000(Other areas) |
| Area code(s) | 516 |
| GDP | ¥239 billion (2009) |
| GDP per capita | ¥27,514 (2009) |
| Major Nationalities | Han |
| County-level divisions | 11 |
| Township-level divisions | 157 |
| License Plate Prefix | 苏C |
| Website | http://www.xz.gov.cn/ |
Xuzhou (Chinese: 徐州; pinyin: Xúzhōu), otherwise known as Pengcheng (Chinese: 彭城; pinyin: Péngchéng) in ancient times, is a major city in and the fourth largest prefecture-level city of Jiangsu province, People's Republic of China. It is known for its convenient location as a transportation hub in northwestern Jiangsu, as it has expressways and railway links connecting directly to the provinces of Henan and Shandong, the neighboring port city of Lianyungang, as well as the economic hub Shanghai.
Before the adoption of Hanyu Pinyin, the city's name was typically Romanized as Suchow,[1] although also appearing as Hsu-chou,[2] Hsuchow, and Hsüchow.
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During the Xia and Shang Dynasties (c. 2200–1600 BC), Xuzhou lay in an area inhabited by the Dongyi or Huaiyi peoples who were constantly at war with the Shang and Zhou Dynasties. The Xuzhou region was called Huaiyang during the Zhou Dynasty (1600 BC–256 BC) since the Huai River crosses the area. During the Spring and Autumn Period (771 BC–426 BC), Xuzhou was a collection of small farming/fishing villages and towns and formed part of the border region between the Zhou vassal States of Chu, Wu and Qu. Both the States of Pi and Peng lay within its borders. Xuzhou was at one time a capital of the State of Xu, a vassal state exterminated by the State of Wu in 512 BC. In turn, Wu was conquered by the State of Yue a few decades later. Chu gradually expanded its influence around Xuzhou after absorbing the nearby State of Cai in 447 BC followed by the conquest of the State of Yue in 334 BC. By the Warring States Period, it was firmly in the cultural and administrative sphere of Chu. The State of Chu moved to this area in 278 BC after the Qin army captured its old capital, Ying, in modern Jingzhou, Hubei.
Liu Bang, first emperor of the Han Dynasty (206 BC–AD 220), was born in Pei County, Xuzhou. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, Xuzhou became part of the Kingdom of Chu, a principality ruled by relatives of the royal Liu family. Initially, Liu Bang allowed his relatives to rule parts of the country since they were assumed to be the most trustworthy. However, the Kingdom of Chu under third generation ruler Liu Wu rebelled against the central authority during the Rebellion of the Seven Princes and was defeated. His tomb was recently excavated near Xuzhou.
After the Yellow River began to change course during the Song Dynasty (AD 960–1279), heavy silting at the Yellow River estuary forced the river to channel its flow into the lower Huai River tributary. The region became barren thereafter due to persistent flooding, nutrient depletion and salination of the once fertile soil.
The area was the site of the final critical battle in the Chinese Civil War, the Huaihai Campaign in 1948-49. The capitulation of Chiang Kai-shek to Chinese communist forces at Suchow[3] eventually led to the fall of the Nationalist Chinese capital Nanking.
The prefecture-level city of Xuzhou administers ten county-level divisions, including five districts, two county-level cities and three counties.
These are further divided into 157 township-level divisions.
Xuzhou is located in the southeast of the North China Plain. Xuzhou has a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Koppen Cwa), with cool winters, warm springs, long, hot and humid summers, and crisp autumns. Monthly daily averages range from 0.4 °C (32.7 °F) in January to 27.1 °C (80.8 °F) in July. Snow may occur during winter, though rarely heavily. Precipitation is light in winter, and the annual total of 830 millimetres (32.7 in) is heavily concentrated from May to September.
| Climate data for Xuzhou (1971−2000) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 5.2 (41.4) |
7.8 (46.0) |
13.4 (56.1) |
20.9 (69.6) |
26.3 (79.3) |
30.4 (86.7) |
31.4 (88.5) |
30.6 (87.1) |
26.9 (80.4) |
21.5 (70.7) |
14.1 (57.4) |
7.7 (45.9) |
19.6 (67.3) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −3.3 (26.1) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
3.2 (37.8) |
9.8 (49.6) |
15.1 (59.2) |
20.2 (68.4) |
23.5 (74.3) |
22.7 (72.9) |
17.4 (63.3) |
10.9 (51.6) |
4.0 (39.2) |
−1.6 (29.1) |
10.0 (50.0) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 17.6 (0.693) |
20.5 (0.807) |
36.0 (1.417) |
47.1 (1.854) |
65.5 (2.579) |
106.8 (4.205) |
241.0 (9.488) |
132.6 (5.22) |
72.3 (2.846) |
51.5 (2.028) |
26.7 (1.051) |
14.0 (0.551) |
831.6 (32.74) |
| % humidity | 66 | 64 | 62 | 62 | 64 | 67 | 80 | 81 | 74 | 70 | 69 | 66 | 68.8 |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 4.0 | 5.4 | 6.4 | 7.1 | 7.4 | 8.0 | 13.5 | 9.9 | 7.2 | 6.8 | 5.1 | 3.7 | 84.5 |
| Sunshine hours | 144.8 | 147.5 | 177.0 | 210.5 | 232.7 | 218.6 | 191.9 | 202.8 | 188.3 | 190.8 | 164.2 | 151.8 | 2,220.9 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration [4] | |||||||||||||
The most important industries in Xuzhou are machinery, energy and food production.
XCMG is the largest company in Xuzhou and also a leading construction machinery manufacturer and provider in China for 19 years since its establishment in March 1989. Now it ranks 1st in China construction machinery industry and 10th in the world construction machinery industry, 73rd of Top 500 China Manufacturers,151st of Top 500 China Enterprises[5]
Xuzhou cuisine is closely related to Shandong cuisine's Jinan-style. Xuzhou's most well known foods include bǎzi ròu (pork belly, and other items stewed in a thick broth), sha tang (汤), and various dog meat dishes.
Another one of Xuzhou's famous dishes is di guo (地锅) style cooking which places ingredients with a spicy sauce in a deep black skillet and cooks little pieces of flatbread on the side or top. Common staples of 地锅 style cooking include: chicken, fish, lamb, pork rib and eggplant.
Fu Yang Festival (伏羊节) is a traditional festival celebrated in the city. It starts on Chufu (初伏) which is around mid-July and lasts for about one month. During the festival, people eat lamb meat and drink lamb soup. This festival is very popular among all the citizens.
Tourist attractions in Xuzhou include Yunlong Mountain (Cloud Dragon Mountain) and the nearby Yunlong Lake, which set near the downtown region. There are also Xuzhou Museum and Han Dynasty Stone Carvings museum next to the Yunlong Mountain.
The most important places of interest in Xuzhou are the relics of Han Dynasty, including Terracotta Army of Han, Mausoleum of the Emperors of Han and the art of stone graving.
Xuzhou Guanyin Airport serves the area with scheduled passenger flights to major airports in China including Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, Hong Kong and many other cities.
The Xuzhou Railway Station is one of the largest Chinese railway stations. Xuzhou is one of the most important railway hubs in China. It is the interchange station of Jinghu Railway, Longhai Railway and Hasan Railway. There is also a constructing hub of express railway in the eastern suburb of Xuzhou, which will be the hub of Jinghu Express Railway and Xulan Express Railway.
Xuzhou is headquarters of the 12th Group Army of the People's Liberation Army, one of the three group armies that comprise the Nanjing Military Region responsible for the defense of China's eastern coast and possible military engagement with Taiwan. The People's Liberation Army Navy also has a Type 054A frigate that shares the name of the region.
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